Sărmașu massacre
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| Sărmașu massacre | |
|---|---|
| Part of the Holocaust in Northern Transylvania | |
 The cemetery in the massacre area | |
 Location of Sărmașu within the current borders of Romania | |
| Location |  Sărmașu, Kingdom of Romania |
| Coordinates | 46°45′13″N 24°10′0″E / 46.75361°N 24.16667°E |
| Date | 5 September–10 October 1944 |
Attack type | Genocide, ethnic cleansing |
| Deaths | 165 126 Jews 39 Romanians |
| Perpetrators | Hungarian National Guard supported by local sympathizers |
| Motive | Antisemitism, Hungarian irredentism |
Sărmașu massacre refers to the torture and massacre of 165 people, primarily Jews, committed by Hungarian paramilitaries in Sărmașu, Cluj-Turda County.[1]
After Romania left the Axis Powers and joined the Allies during World War II, between 5 September and 10 October 1944, Sărmașu came under the occupation of the Nazi-aligned Hungarian troops. During this period, Hungarian gendarmes and members of the Hungarian National Guard, led by captain of gendarmes Lánczos László, killed 126 local Jews (out of 142 who were living in the city at the time),[2] as well as 39 Romanians, the latter primarily prisoners of war captured in the battles on the alignment of Oarba de Mureș–Luduș–Gheja–Chețani,[3] during the Battle of Turda.
The massacre
[edit]
Hungarian population in the area, who supported the cause of Hungary, in the desire to regain the whole of Transylvania, started, along with the Hungarian Guard, to loot houses of Jews and Romanians. On 9 September 1944, a team of Hungarian gendarmes took up from their homes several Romanians that had important functions in the administration of the commune. These people were taken to an improvised camp in Sărmașu and were tortured for several days. According to the sentence handed down on 28 June 1946 by the People's Tribunal in Cluj, "in the camp was applied an inhumane treatment, consisting of beatings, ill-treatments and executions staged at night. For example, once all Romanians were removed from the camp in the yard, put on their knees («At the church»), and, after this exercise, everyone, regardless of age, was forced to overturn until exhaustion". In the afternoon of 16 September, those 126 Jews in the improvised camp were transported with carriages to a place called Suscut, and in the night of 16/17 September were killed by Hungarian gendarmes and soldiers. The bodies of those killed (31 adult males, 52 adult females and 43 children up to age 15) were exhumed from two mass graves in February 1945.[4] The conclusion reached by the Medico-legal commission who conducted the autopsy of the cadavers was violent death by shooting, and, in the case of several children, violent death by asphyxiation, those ones being buried alive.[1]
On 15 September 1944, some Romanians were released, and 18 others were deported to Hungary. They were taken by truck to Cluj, where they were rounded up and forced to march, escorted by civilian police, on the way to Jibou and then to Budapest. One of the deported and declared dead was Iuliu Moldovan, father of actor Ovidiu Iuliu Moldovan. Likewise, father Micu, a priest almost 80 years old, was killed. The number of all Romanians deported who lost their lives is not known exactly.[5]
Sentence of People's Tribunal in Cluj
[edit]Investigations against those responsible for the massacres of Sărmașu and Luduș started in 1945 and ended in 1946. By sentence of the Cluj Tribunal was established the responsibility for the Sărmașu massacre: two officers of the gendarmerie troops (captain Láncz László, lieutenant Vecsey) and five NCOs (second lieutenant Halasz, second lieutenant Fekete, sergeant major Szabo, sergeant Horváth István, and sergeant Polgár) were found guilty and were sentenced to death. Two locals were sentenced to imprisonment for participation in the massacre: János Pánczél (soldier-gendarme from Sărmașu) and István Soós (member of the Hungarian Civil Guard in Sărmașu) were sentenced to 20 years and 5 years in prison.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Nagy-Talavera, Nicholas M. The Anatomy of a Massacre: Sărmaș 1944. Simon Wiesenthal Center.
- ^ "Crimă colectivă cu autori cunoscuți". Gazeta de Cluj (in Romanian). 19 October 2008. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ Claudiu Pădurean (23 April 2014). "70 de ani de la masacrul de la Sărmașu". România Liberă (in Romanian). Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- ^ "Masacrele de la Sărmașu și Luduș". Ziarul de Mureș (in Romanian). 28 February 2005.
- ^ Carp, Matatias (1996). Cartea Neagră. Suferințele evreilor din România 1940–1944. Bucharest: Diogene Publishing House.
- ^ Istoria României. Transilvania. Volumul II, Capitolul VII – Transilvania în cel de-al doilea război mondial (PDF). Cluj-Napoca: George Barițiu Publishing House. 1997. p. 55.[permanent dead link]
External links
[edit]- "TEL AVIV. Documentar despre masacrul de la Sărmașu, din 1944, când au fost uciși 126 de evrei". www.icr.ro (in Romanian). Romanian Cultural Institute. 24 August 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2021.
- Massacres in 1944
- September 1944 events in Europe
- October 1944 events in Europe
- Holocaust massacres and pogroms in Romania
- 20th century in Transylvania
- 1944 murders in Romania
- Hungarian war crimes
- Hungary–Romania relations
- Hungarian irredentism
- Massacres of Romanians
- 1944 in Judaism
- Art theft and looting during World War II
- History of Mureș County